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Laser Marking Technology: Working Principle and Application Areas
Laser marking is a widely used marking method in many industries today. It offers significant advantages over traditional printing methods as it is durable, fast and environmentally friendly. In this article, we will take a detailed look at how laser marking technology works, the different types of lasers used and their applications across industries.
What is Laser Marking?
Laser marking is the process of permanently marking surfaces using a concentrated laser beam. In this process, the surface of the material is directly modified, but since there is no physical contact, there are no problems such as abrasion or fading.
Laser marking is often used for the following purposes:
- Product tracking and serial numbering
- Barcode and QR code processing
- Print date and batch number
- Adding brand logos and design elements
Working Principle of Laser Marking Technology
Laser marking occurs when a high-intensity laser beam is focused onto the surface of a material. This light creates physical or chemical changes in the material, leaving a permanent mark. The power, wavelength and focal point of the laser are adjusted according to the type of material to be marked.
Types of Laser Marking
- Annealing (Oxidation) Marking: Used on metal surfaces. The laser beam creates oxidation on the surface, resulting in a dark colored marking.
- Carbonization: Provides dark colored marking on plastic and organic materials.
- Foaming: A technique used in plastics. The laser causes the material to form gas bubbles, leaving a light-colored mark.
- Engraving Laser Marking: The laser beam vaporizes the surface of the material and makes deep and permanent engraving.
- Color Change: Creates colored marking by changing pigments in polymers.
Different Types of Lasers and Their Uses
- CO₂ Laser
- Suitable for organic materials, wood, paper, glass and plastic.
- It is widely used in advertising signage, the packaging industry and personal souvenirs.
- Fiber Laser
- Ideal for metal and hard plastics.
- It is preferred in automotive, electronics and medical sectors.
- UV Laser
- Suitable for heat sensitive materials.
- It is used in food packaging, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
- Green Laser
- Provides precise marking on glass and reflective materials.
- It is common in luxury watches and the optical industry.
Laser Marking Application Areas
1. Automotive Sector
It is used for serial numbers, QR codes and security markings of automobile parts.
2. Electronic Industry
PCB boards are preferred for marking chips and small electronic components.
3. Medical and Health Sector
Permanent marking on surgical instruments, syringes and implants that require sterilization.
4. Food and Pharmaceuticals
Expiration date, batch number and traceability codes can be laser marked.
5. Jewelry and Luxury Consumer Goods
Logo, serial number and personalized engraving on gold, silver and platinum jewelry.
6. Packaging and Logistics
Used for serial number and barcode marking on plastic, paper and cardboard packaging.
Advantages of Laser Marking
✅ Permanent and Durable: Will not fade or fade over time.
✅ Non-Contact Process: Does not damage the product surface.
✅ Environmentally Friendly: No chemicals or inks required.
✅ High Speed and Efficient: It is a solution suitable for mass production.
✅ Precise and Aesthetic: Even small details can be clearly marked.
Conclusion
Laser marking is a precise and durable marking technology with a wide range of applications. Increasing the traceability of products, preventing counterfeiting and strengthening brand identity, this technology has become indispensable in many sectors. If you are looking for a laser marking solution suitable for your business, you can achieve efficient results by choosing the most suitable laser type according to your area of use and material type.
